Land of the Mammoths

Discover the animals from the Ice Age

Thousands of years ago, our planet was dominated by an ice age, with massive glaciers covering a large part of the Earth. Despite the extreme temperatures, there lived extraordinary creatures that were perfectly adapted to the cold. Mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, and other animals inhabited these vast frozen plains, creating a fascinating world that has now disappeared.

A world, made of ice

The Ice Age, or glacial period, experienced several cycles over the past 2.5 million years. The last major glacial episode ended about 10,000 years ago, marking the end of many iconic species. During this time, animals had to survive long and harsh winters, limited food sources, and a constant battle against the cold.

As the Earth warmed, the vast frozen grasslands transformed into forests, altering the ecological balance. Many of these animals disappeared because they couldn’t adapt to the new conditions. However, some species, such as the bison, elk, and reindeer, are direct descendants of the extinct animals from the Ice Age.

The Kings of the Ice Age

Woolly mammoth

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  • Scientific name : Mammuthus primigenius
  • Period : Quaternary
  • Dating : – 300.000 to – 10.000 years
  • Origin : Northern Europe, Northern Asia, and North America

These ancestors of elephants roamed the frozen steppes of the Northern Hemisphere. Their tusks were longer and their ears smaller than those of their closest relatives, the Asian elephants. Genetically, mammoths and Asian elephants are more closely related to each other than to the African elephant, which belongs to a completely different lineage.

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Woolly rhinoceros

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  • Scientific name : Coelodonta antiquitatis
  • Period : Quaternary
  • Dating : – 500.000 to – 9.800 years ago
  • Origin : Northern Europe and Northern Asia

Woolly rhinoceroses were present from Europe to Siberia. They used their enormous horn to scrape away the snow and reach the grass to feed. They were longer than African rhinoceroses, but had shorter legs, a smaller tail, and smaller ears. A massive muscle hump in their neck helped support their horn, and they stored fat for energy during the winter months.

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Cave bear

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  • Scientific name : Ursus spelaeus
  • Period : Quaternary
  • Dating : – 250.000 to – 24.000 years
  • Origin : Europe

As large as the largest modern bears, the cave bears lived in Europe and Asia until about 22,000 years ago. They were almost always herbivores and used their enormous molars to grind tough plants. Cave bears faced many threats, from hyenas to tuberculosis. Neanderthals seem to have revered cave bears by using their bones to create sanctuaries.

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